The Royal National Park, dedicated in 1879 by Premier John Robertson, spans an impressive 18,000 acres (7,300 hectares) and is recognized as one of the oldest national parks globally, second only to Yellowstone. Although Yellowstone's official gazette record dates back to the 1880s, the Royal National Park's claim as the oldest is bolstered by its early establishment. The park was expanded in 1880 to cover 33,000 acres (13,000 hectares) and today encompasses just under 44,000 acres (18,000 hectares). The designation "Royal" was bestowed upon the park following Queen Elizabeth II's visit in 1954, adding to its historical significance.

Sutherland Shire is characterized by its transformation into a predominantly residential area, punctuated by commercial centers and smaller industrial and rural zones. The main commercial hubs include Sutherland, Miranda—home to Westfield Miranda, Cronulla, Caringbah, Menai, and Engadine. Each suburb is associated with its unique identity: Sutherland as "the centre of business," Miranda as "the centre of shopping," and Cronulla as "the centre of leisure."

Kurnell, notable for being the site of Captain James Cook's first landing in Australia, previously housed an oil refinery and now features the significant Towra Point Nature Reserve, a wetland recognized for its international importance. The suburb of Lucas Heights hosts Australia's only nuclear reactor facility, operated by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). Unlike conventional power stations, this facility focuses on producing radiopharmaceuticals for research and medical use.

The Shire also includes the isolated suburbs of Bundeena and Maianbar, nestled on the southern shore of Port Hacking, flanked by the Royal National Park. These quaint communities are accessible by boat, thanks to a regular ferry service from Cronulla operated by Cronulla & National Park Ferry Cruises, or via road through the national park. Together, these features of Sutherland Shire highlight the area's rich blend of natural beauty, historical significance, and urban development.