Best Botox New Westminster

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It stimulates collagen production, essential for maintaining skin's elasticity and firmness. Don't let stress and environmental factors take a toll on your skin. Learn more about New Westminster's top Botox clinic for facial rejuvenation here. Then there's James, whose thinning hairline had him wearing hats indoors. At Manhas Health Co, we customize each treatment plan to perfectly match your individual beauty goals and needs. These efforts don't just raise awareness; they foster a sense of unity and support among residents. Learn more about Best Botox New Westminster here
Our approach is personalized, focusing on your individual features and goals to ensure that your natural charms are highlighted and cherished. First off, you'll need to keep your skin hydrated. Minor swelling or redness around the injection sites can occur but should subside within a few days. They're here to answer all your questions and make sure you're comfortable every step of the way.

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For example, if you have sensitive skin, we might opt for a gentler peel or adjust the frequency of treatments to ensure your skin's integrity isn't compromised. For Morpheus 8, common side effects include redness, swelling, and minor bruising at the treatment site. Like any medical intervention, vaginal rejuvenation carries its set of risks, though they vary based on the specific technique used. Whether you're curious about the latest in non-invasive treatments or seeking a more profound change, the next steps will unveil how Manhas Health Co. stands apart in the realm of aesthetic enhancement.
They'll walk you through the Evolve-X technology, explaining how it targets fat reduction, muscle toning, and skin tightening in a single session. Moreover, the precision of radiofrequency means it can be tailored to your specific skin concerns and areas that need attention. Read more about Best Botox New Westminster here Your skin feels smoother, looks brighter, and exudes a healthy radiance that's hard to miss. This process not only tightens sagging skin but also improves its overall texture and tone.

The device will move across the target areas, focusing on spots, wrinkles, or unwanted hair. This includes manual scrubs, exfoliating acids, and retinol products. To ensure your safety, it's essential to follow all pre and post-treatment instructions provided by your specialist. You won't just look better; you'll feel better too.

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You'll find that our approach is highly personalized. For those considering a more traditional route, Manhas Health Co also provides surgical options. Book your appointment today and experience the difference technology can make in your aesthetic journey.

Harnessing the power of state-of-the-art technology, we deliver highly personalized aesthetic treatments tailored to meet your unique needs. Post-treatment, the specialist will apply a soothing gel or cream to the treated areas and discuss aftercare instructions to ensure optimal results. We take into account your skin type, aesthetic preferences, and overall health to recommend the most effective treatments.

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As you consider the possibilities of rejuvenating your skin or exploring innovative beauty treatments, remember that this clinic isn't just about surface-level beauty. Botox treatment At Manhas Health Co., you're more than just a client; you're part of a community where each individual's unique journey to confidence and health is celebrated. They've also launched a scholarship program for aspiring students in the health and beauty industry, demonstrating their investment in the future of their field and the community.

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Entity Name Description Source
Botulinum toxin Description for Botulinum toxin Source
Skeletal muscle Description for Skeletal muscle Source
Eyelid Description for Eyelid Source
Eye drop Description for Eye drop Source
Injectable filler Description for Injectable filler Source
Marionette lines Description for Marionette lines Source
Lip Description for Lip Source
Dermatology Description for Dermatology Source
Mohs surgery Description for Mohs surgery Source
Skin cancer Description for Skin cancer Source
Varicose veins Description for Varicose veins Source
Melanocytic nevus Description for Melanocytic nevus Source
Collagen induction therapy Description for Collagen induction therapy Source
Platelet-rich plasma Description for Platelet-rich plasma Source
Pattern hair loss Description for Pattern hair loss Source
Skin care Description for Skin care Source
New Westminster Description for New Westminster Source
British Columbia Description for British Columbia Source
Rhinoplasty Description for Rhinoplasty Source
Masseter muscle Description for Masseter muscle Source
Submental triangle Description for Submental triangle Source
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Scalp Description for Scalp Source
Hair follicle Description for Hair follicle Source
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The entrance to the Fraser is very striking—Extending miles to the right & left are low marsh lands (apparently of very rich qualities) & yet fr [sic] the Background of Superb Mountains—Swiss in outline, dark in woods, grandly towering into the clouds there is a sublimity that deeply impresses you. Everything is large and magnificent, worthy of the entrance to the Queen of England's dominions on the Pacific mainland. My imagination converted the silent marshes into Cuyp-like pictures of horses and cattle lazily fattening in rich meadows in a glowing sunset. The water of the deep clear Frazer was of a glassy stillness, not a ripple before us, except when a fish rose to the surface or broods of wild ducks fluttered away.

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Nearby Tourist Attractions

Ron McLean Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Ron McLean Park, 7820 Hedley Ave, Burnaby, BC V5E 2R3
Community park with a kids' playground, baseball field & courts for tennis & basketball.

Byrne Creek Ravine Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Byrne Creek Ravine Park, 6555 Byrnepark Dr, Burnaby, BC V5E 4L4
Wooded natural area with a winding creek, trails for hiking & dog-walking & a baseball diamond.

Burnaby Blues & Roots Festival

Tourist attraction
Burnaby Blues & Roots Festival, Burnaby, BC V5G 3T1

Burnaby Mountain Biking and Hiking Trails

Tourist attraction, Hiking area
Burnaby Mountain Biking and Hiking Trails, University Dr E, Burnaby, BC V5A 4Y8

Citations and other links

Botox clinics near Best Botox New Westminster

Booking your appointment at Manhas Health Co is a straightforward process, designed for your convenience. These substances can irritate the skin, making the Morpheus 8 procedure less comfortable and potentially hindering your recovery. Dive into our new lineup featuring cutting-edge therapies like laser skin resurfacing, micro-needling with PRP (platelet-rich plasma), and advanced chemical peels. Botox for lip lines Don't hesitate to ask about their credentials, experience, and the safety protocols they follow.

You might feel a slight pressure or pinch during the injections, but the discomfort is generally minimal. Use a high-quality moisturizer that suits your skin type to prevent dryness and flakiness. Deciding to undergo these treatments is a personal choice and involves considering your physical needs and cosmetic desires.

As you age, your skin's collagen production decreases, leading to wrinkles, fine lines, and sagging. You're not just seeing a new you in the mirror; you're stepping into a version of yourself that feels empowered and renewed. Our mission is to empower you by enhancing your natural beauty and promoting holistic well-being through innovative and personalized aesthetic treatments.

As you're navigating through the myriad of options for achieving your ideal body shape, it's essential to understand what sets Evolve-X apart in a crowded market of promises and high expectations. If you're experiencing discomfort, a lack of confidence, or simply want to rejuvenate your intimate area, vaginal rejuvenation could be a viable solution. Our experts are committed to providing you with the best care, advising on aftercare and any follow-up treatments to maintain and enhance your results.

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That's why our experts sit down with you to listen to your concerns, goals, and aspirations. You'll notice visible improvements, not just in your skin's appearance, but also in its overall health. With our state-of-the-art facilities and revolutionary services, we're dedicated to your transformation. With each session, you'll see a gradual improvement, leading to a brighter, more even-toned, and younger-looking complexion.

Your journey with us is more than a series of treatments; it's a step towards embracing your true self. Botox aftercare However, it's crucial to consult with a professional first, especially if you have sensitive skin or specific concerns like active acne or rosacea. Seeing truly is believing when you look at the before and after photos of Evolve-X users, showcasing dramatic transformations.

But your journey doesn't end there. Botox specialist Botox therapy for fine lines New Westminster Let these success stories inspire you. Whether you're looking to smooth out wrinkles with Botox, add volume with fillers, or explore other rejuvenating options, we're here to design a plan that addresses your concerns and fits your lifestyle.

Lastly, discuss any medications you're taking with your provider ahead of time. And if safety concerns have kept you at bay, the following insights into the procedure's safety profile and the care required post-treatment might just change your mind.

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First off, we'll send you a welcome packet.



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You'll feel minimal discomfort, thanks to a local anesthetic applied before the procedure. After exploring the range of anti-aging treatments, it's crucial to understand how personalized skincare regimens can further enhance your skin's health and appearance.

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Your journey with us is a partnership, and we're dedicated to ensuring you feel supported, cared for, and satisfied throughout.

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Look for board-certified dermatologists or cosmetic surgeons who can demonstrate a track record of successful outcomes.

You're not limited to a one-size-fits-all approach here. Ready to see the difference? The precision and depth of the treatment are adjustable, making it a versatile option for different skin types and concerns.

Understanding that everyone's skin and aesthetic ambitions differ, we don't believe in a one-size-fits-all approach. For example, our laser systems are designed to target specific concerns with utmost accuracy, reducing the risk of side effects. Our approach ensures that each procedure, from minimally invasive treatments to more extensive interventions, is chosen and adjusted specifically for you.

They've embraced techniques that not only remove fat but also tighten the skin, offering a dual benefit that was once thought to be achievable only through surgery. Moreover, the technology's smart design means treatments can be adjusted in real-time based on your feedback and comfort level, ensuring a personalized experience that's both effective and enjoyable. Our expert team is ready to guide you through a journey of self-discovery and confidence-building, offering ongoing support and care every step of the way.



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We're here to guide you through your recovery process, offering expert advice and modifications to your care plan as needed. That's why they're not just focused on the procedure itself but also on tailoring a personalized plan that aligns with your individual needs and aspirations. Don't hesitate to ask for before-and-after photos of their previous patients. Either way, you're taking the first step towards personalized aesthetic care tailored just for you. Remember, consistency is key to keeping that youthful glow.

Understanding the differences between Morpheus 8 and PRP treatments sets the stage for appreciating real success stories from Best Botox New Westminster.

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Also, try to avoid wearing makeup to your consultation, especially if you're coming in for facial treatments. The confidence boost you receive from seeing the changes in your body can be life-changing. Dermaplaning, a simple yet transformative skincare procedure, gently removes the top layer of dead skin and peach fuzz, revealing a smoother and brighter complexion.

Instead, switch to gentle cleansers and moisturizers that nourish without irritating. Hydrated, sun-protected skin responds better to treatments and heals faster afterward. Best Botox clinics If you're battling acne scars or stretch marks, you'll find that Morpheus 8 can dramatically diminish their appearance, offering you a clearer, more even skin tone. To manage any discomfort, you can apply a cool compress to the area, but avoid using ice directly on your scalp.

It's a versatile treatment that not only focuses on color correction but also stimulates collagen production. The process is relatively simple. However, it's important to manage your expectations. The success stories from Manhas Health Co. don't just stop at individual experiences. Botox expert

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This innovative treatment, now offered by Manhas Health Co., is your key to unlocking a more youthful glow without the need for invasive procedures. Botox for crow's feet Whether you're battling fine lines, acne scars, or just seeking that elusive glow, we've got you covered. At Manhas Health Co., we understand that aging gracefully isn't just a wish; it's a journey made smoother with the right care and treatments tailored just for you. Secondly, our specialists aren't only experts in their field but also trained to prioritize patient care above all.
Your first step involves a detailed consultation with our experts, who'll map out a custom plan designed just for you. Most people describe the sensation as a rubber band snapping against the skin, and many machines come equipped with cooling devices to ease discomfort. If you experience any severe pain or notice any signs of infection, it's crucial to contact Manhas Health Co immediately.
You'll find yourself moving with more confidence, liberated from the insecurities that once held you back. Botox for sweating Having prepared your skin as advised, you're now set to experience what unfolds during your dermaplaning or chemical peel treatment at Manhas Health Co. It's hassle-free and available 24/7, so you can schedule your visit whenever it's most convenient for you.
You're essentially using a component of your blood to tell your body it's time to repair and improve, making PRP a remarkably natural approach to anti-aging and restoration. Beyond the immediate allure of these cosmetic enhancements lies a world of tailored treatment plans designed specifically for you, ensuring that your beauty goals are not just met but exceeded. This isn't just about losing weight; it's about reshaping and contouring your body in ways that diet and exercise alone can't achieve.

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Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

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Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

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A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

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Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

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A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
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