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Washington County, Oklahoma
County
Old Washington County Courthouse in Bartlesville
Location within the U.S. state of Oklahoma
Coordinates: 36°44′50″N 95°58′50″W / 36.747206°N 95.980597°W / 36.747206; -95.980597
Country	United States
State	Oklahoma
Founded	1907
Named after	George Washington
Seat	Bartlesville
Largest city	Bartlesville
Area
• Total	424 sq mi (1,100 km2)
• Land	415 sq mi (1,070 km2)
• Water	8.8 sq mi (23 km2)  2.1%
Population  (2020)
• Total	52,455
• Density	120/sq mi (46/km2)
Congressional district	2nd
Website	www.countycourthouse.org

Washington County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,455.^[1] Its county seat is Bartlesville.^[2] Named for President George Washington, it is the smallest county in Oklahoma in total area,^[3] adjacent to the largest county in Oklahoma, Osage County. Washington County comprises the Bartlesville, OK micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Tulsa-Muskogee-Bartlesville, OK combined statistical area. It is located along the border with Kansas.

The Osage ceded their land claims in 1825, and the Federal Government allowed the Western Cherokee to settle in this area in 1828. The 1835 Treaty of New Echota confirmed Cherokee ownership of the land. The area now covered by Washington County was part of the Cherokee Saline District between 1840 and 1856 and the Cooweescoowee District from 1856 to 1906.^[3]

The first post office was established in 1859 at the confluence of Butler Creek and the Caney River by James L. Butler. Known as Little Verdigris, the settlement also had a trading post and a school. The Civil War caused most of the inhabitants to move away and the post office closed in 1866. In 1867, the Cherokees sold 157,600 acres to the Eastern Delaware.^[3]

In 1870, Nelson Carr built a grist mill along the Caney River, which he used to grind seed corn. In 1875, he sold the mill to Jacob Bartles (for whom the town of Bartlesville would be named), who modified the mill to produce wheat flour. Other important agricultural crops included potatoes, sorghum and oats, as well as prairie hay and pecans. Cotton production was attempted in the early 1900s, but the soil proved unsuitable and this crop was soon discontinued.^[3]

The first commercial oil well in Oklahoma, designated as Nellie Johnstone Number One, was drilled near Bartlesville in 1897. According to the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, the industry developed slowly because of communal land ownership by the Cherokees, the lack of crude oil markets, and lack of reliable transportation. Bartlesville became an oil boom town only after 1900, when the nearby Osage County oil fields were developed and railroads were built into the area. In 1900, Phoenix Oil Company built a pipeline from Osage County to Bartlesville's Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway depot, where there was an oil loading facility. Oil was shipped from there to a refinery in Neodesha, Kansas in the same year. Washington County fields were developed soon afterward. The Bartlesville Field reached peak development during 1904 to 1906; the Bartlesville-Dewey Field in 1905 and the Copan, Canary, Hogshooter, and Wann fields were located in 1907. Several oil companies set up headquarters in the county, most notably Phillips Petroleum in Bartlesville.^[3]

Railroads came to this area at the turn of the 20th century. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway opened a line from Owen to Owasso, Oklahoma in 1899. The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad opened a line from Stevens, Kansas to Dewey, Oklahoma in 1901-2 and another line from Hominy, Oklahoma to Bartlesville in 1903–04.^[3]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 424 square miles (1,100 km²), of which 415 square miles (1,070 km²) is land and 8.8 square miles (23 km²) (2.1%) is water.^[4] It is the second-smallest county in Oklahoma by land area and smallest by total area. It lies in the Eastern Lowlands physiographic region, and is drained by the Caney River. Lakes and reservoirs include Copan Lake, Silver Lake and Bar-Dew Lake.^[3]

• Montgomery County, Kansas (north)
• Nowata County (east)
• Rogers County (southeast)
• Tulsa County (south)
• Osage County (west)
• Chautauqua County, Kansas (northwest)

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 52,455. Of the residents, 23.5% were under the age of 18 and 20.3% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 40.2 years. For every 100 females there were 94.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 90.9 males.^[11][12]

The racial makeup of the county was 68.9% White, 2.6% Black or African American, 10.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.9% Asian, 2.3% from some other race, and 14.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 6.4% of the population.^[12]

There were 21,071 households in the county, of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 27.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.^[11]

There were 23,713 housing units, of which 11.1% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 70.6% were owner-occupied and 29.4% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0% and the rental vacancy rate was 11.4%.^[11]

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 50,976 people, 21,036 households, and 14,123 families residing in the county. The population density was 45/km² (120/mi²). There were 23,451 housing units at an average density of 55.3 per square mile (21.4/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 93.9% white, 2.4% black or African American, 10.3% Native American, 1.1% Asian, less than 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.7% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. Five percent of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.^[10]

As of 2010, there were 21,036 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 11% had a female householder with no husband present, 4% had a male householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. Individuals living alone accounted for 28.7% of households and individuals who were 65 years of age or older living alone accounted for 12.9%. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91. In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.8 males.

As of 2010, the median income for a household in the county was $35,816, and the median income for a family was $43,514. Males had a median income of $34,201 versus $22,389 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,250. About 8.70% of families and 11.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.70% of those under age 18 and 7.80% of those age 65 or over. According to 2021 census estimates, its median household income was $55,216.^[13]

• Bartlesville (county seat)
• Dewey

• Copan
• Ochelata
• Ramona
• Vera

The following sites in Washington County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places

• Bartlesville Downtown Historic District, Bartlesville
• Bartlesville Civic Center, Bartlesville
• Dewey Hotel, Dewey
• LaQuinta, Bartlesville
• Nellie Johnstone No. 1, Bartlesville
• Old Washington County Courthouse, Bartlesville
• Frank and Jane Phillips House, Bartlesville^[16]
• Price Tower, Bartlesville

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Washington County, Oklahoma.

• Washington County's website
• Washington County History Archived May 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
• Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory

Cheyenne, Oklahoma
Town
Cheyenne town center
Location of Cheyenne, Oklahoma
Coordinates: 35°36′39″N 99°40′35″W / 35.61083°N 99.67639°W / 35.61083; -99.67639[1]
Country	United States
State	Oklahoma
County	Roger Mills
Area [2]
• Total	0.99 sq mi (2.56 km2)
• Land	0.99 sq mi (2.56 km2)
• Water	0 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation [1]	1,946 ft (593 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	771
• Density	781/sq mi (301.4/km2)
Time zone	UTC-6 (Central (CST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP code	73628
Area code	580
FIPS code	40-13900[3]
GNIS feature ID	2413196[1]

Cheyenne is a town in Roger Mills County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town's population was 771.^[4] It is the county seat of Roger Mills County.^[5]

Cheyenne is the location of the Battle of Washita River (also called Battle of the Washita; Washita Battlefield; Washita Massacre), where George Armstrong Custer's 7th U.S. Cavalry attacked the sleeping Cheyenne village of Black Kettle on the Washita River on November 26, 1868.

Cheyenne has been a county seat since 1895. But construction of the nearest railroad into the area, the Clinton and Oklahoma Western Railway ("C&OW") terminated in 1912 at Strong City, and that township was laid out with a rocky knoll in the center reserved for the County Courthouse should Strong City become the county seat instead of Cheyenne.^[6] To keep their town's position, the citizens of Cheyenne responded by building the Cheyenne Short Line Railroad up the Washita River valley to Strong City to connect to the C&OW.^[6] In 1914 the courthouse in Cheyenne burned down, and the fear again arose in Cheyenne that the citizens of Strong City would manage to have the new courthouse built there.^[6] But Cheyenne came up with the funding, and a new two-story brick courthouse was constructed in that town.^[6] Strong City remained a competitor for a while, and in 1932 managed to route a state highway (Oklahoma State Highway 33)^[7] through the locale, thus missing Cheyenne.^[6] But in the 1930s several business houses relocated from Strong City to Cheyenne, losing that town population and businesses while Cheyenne grew during the decade.^[6]

During the 1970s Cheyenne and the surrounding area benefited from the natural gas and oil development in the Panhandle-Hugoton field, the largest-volume gas field in the United States, and the world's largest known source of helium. Between 1973 and 1993 the field produced over eight trillion cubic feet (230,000,000 m³) of gas.

The Cheyenne High School girls six-on-six basketball team of 1985-1986-1987 won three straight state Class A titles going 88–4 over that time, including winning their last 42 games. Prior to the 1985 season, the team had won only two district titles in 20 years, and had never been to the state tournament. The 42-game streak included the last half of the 1986 season and all of the 1987 season, going 30–0. The four losses were by a combined 5 total points. After winning their third straight title, the Lady Bears (coached by David Sanders) tied a record that stood for 49 years, held by Byng, 1936–1937–1938.^[8]

For their first title in 1985 Cheyenne went 29–2, including winning their final 23 games, and defeated Lookeba-Sickles, 45–42, in the championship.^[9] The following season they shot 73.0% from the field for the year, went 29–2 again, and beat Amber-Pocasset 61–49 in the championship game.^[10] In the final championship game of the three-year run, the undefeated Bears beat the 1980s best Class A team, the Thomas Terrierettes, 65–42.^[8]

Cheyenne was led by Jodi Fisher (26.7 points per game), Cindy Smith, Jenny Shockey, Leana Burrows, and Sherry Hillman (also contributing one season each to the three-year run: Julie Barton—1985, Lori Sanders—1987, and Cindy Hay—1987). Fisher, Hillman, Burrows were named to the 1985 and 1986 Class A Girls All-Tournament team. In the first round of the 1986 finals Fisher scored 52 points against Macomb, setting an Oklahoma state girls basketball tournament's single-game scoring record. Fisher ended the three state tournament games with 121 points, needing just eight more to tie Thomas's Kelli Litsch's tournament point record,^[8][10] and was named to the 1986 Class A Girls All-Tournament 1st Team. Fisher was also named to The Daily Oklahoman's "Super 6" team for 1987, and coach Sanders was named the 6-on-6 "Coach of the Year" that same season.^[11]

B.C. Scouting Service rated Fisher as the top women's basketball recruit in the state of Oklahoma for the 1987 season and she was named an All-American honorable mention by USA Today.^[12] For the 1987 Class A Girls All-Tournament 1st Team Cheyenne had three of the six selections, forwards Jodi Fisher and Cindy Smith, and guard Cindy Hay (Thomas had two, forward Staci Litsch [scored 100 points in three state tournament games and is Kelli's little sister] and guard Deena Garner; Johnna Ellis, of Tupelo received the other selection).^[13][14]

Fisher went on to play for the Oklahoma State Cowgirls where she tied a school record for career games played with 124 (with Lisa McGill and Liz Brown), she also set the OSU record for field-goal percentage in a season with 61.3% in the 1990–91 season. She left OSU ranked second in block shots (77), number eight on the all-time rebound list (525), 16th in field goals made with 334, collected 113 career steals from 1987 to 1991 (18th), 20th in career assists (150), and 823 career points (20th on the school's all-time scoring list). She tied a school record for rebounds by an individual in an NCAA Tournament game with 12 against DePaul in the opening round game in 1991. On January 24, 1990, Fisher scored 23 points in a 99–94 win over the Oklahoma Sooners.^[15] She was on the 1991 OSU team that made it to the Sweet 16 in the NCAA tournament, the first OSU team to make it that far, and averaged 10.9 points a game that season.^[16]

The Bears also made a historic run as area champions and state qualifiers in men's basketball from 2010 to 2013, winning a state championship in 2012 and state runner-up in 2011.

Cheyenne is located just south of the Washita River, approximately 23 miles (37 km) north of Sayre.^[17] The town is in Southwestern Oklahoma, known for Oklahoma Tourism purposes as Great Plains Country.^[18]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km²), all land.

• 81 miles (130 km) north of Altus
• 155 miles (249 km) east of Amarillo
• 29 miles (47 km) northwest of Elk City
• 150 miles (240 km) west of Oklahoma City
• 77 miles (124 km) south of Woodward

Cheyenne is on U.S. Route 283 and Oklahoma State Highway 47.^[19]

Cheyenne is served by Mignon Laird Municipal Airport (FAA Identifier: 93F). It is located two miles west of town, and has a 4022 x 60 ft. paved runway.^[20]

While Lawton-Fort Sill Regional Airport is 6 miles closer, more commercial airline connections are available at the larger Will Rogers World Airport, 142 miles to the east.^[19][21]

Cheyenne has a City Park and Museum Complex, with six museums in the complex. These include the Pioneer Museum, the One Room School, the Minnie Slief Community Museum and Veterans Display, the Santa Fe Depot, the chapel, and the Kendall House Log Cabin. All museums are free.^[22]

The Washita Battlefield National Historic Site is west of town.^[7]

Cheyenne is essentially surrounded by the Black Kettle National Grassland,^[7] and the Black Kettle Recreation Area on Hwy 47 outside Cheyenne includes tent camping areas, hiking trails, picnic areas, a lake with a boat ramp for no-wake boating and fishing, and nature trails and viewing.^[23]

Foss State Park on Foss Reservoir is about 33 miles east-southeast.^[24]

As of the census^[3] of 2000, there were 778 people, 356 households, and 196 families residing in the town. The population density was 784.6 inhabitants per square mile (302.9/km²). There were 417 housing units at an average density of 420.5 per square mile (162.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.04% White, 0.64% African American, 0.64% Native American, and 1.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.19% of the population.

There were 356 households, out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.7% were non-families. 42.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 24.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $25,313, and the median income for a family was $37,159. Males had a median income of $25,156 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,428. About 15.3% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.7% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.

It is in the Cheyenne Public Schools school district.^[26]

• Museums/Historic Sites - at RogerMills.org
• Washita Battlefield site - at the National Park Service
• The Cheyenne Star (local newspaper)
• Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Cheyenne