Licensed Renovators Surrey

Licensed Renovators Surrey

Custom home remodeling

When you're ready to bring your vision to life, we're here to make it happen with the same dedication and craftsmanship displayed in our gallery. They're committed to keeping you in the loop, ensuring that your project stays on track, within budget, and is completed to your satisfaction. One standout example is the complete overhaul of a 1960s bungalow into a modern, energy-efficient family home. Learn more about Professional home upgrades Surrey here. You'll begin by reaching out to their team to express your interest in a home renovation or customization project. This ensures transparency and sets the foundation for a renovation journey that's as stress-free as possible. Learn more about Licensed Renovators Surrey here
Your dream home is within reach, and they're here to guide you every step of the way. They're not just about renovating homes; they're about building a stronger, more connected community. At the heart of every stunning renovation is our unwavering commitment to high-quality craftsmanship. From architects and designers who sketch your dreams onto paper to the craftsmen and builders who turn those sketches into reality, every member plays a crucial role.
Whether it's transforming a quaint living space into a modern oasis or revitalizing an old structure to meet contemporary standards, Canyon's success stories are a testament to their competitive pricing and deep community involvement. This approach not only lessens your carbon footprint but also cuts down your utility bills, making it a win-win situation.

Licensed Renovators Surrey - Backsplash installation

  1. Exterior home renovation
  2. Sunroom addition
  3. Trusted renovation contractors Surrey
  4. Landscaping and hardscaping
  5. Interior remodeling
  6. Lighting upgrades
  7. Custom design-build services
  8. Surrey heritage home restoration
  9. Garage conversion
  10. Interior painting
  11. Window replacement
  12. Laundry room renovation
  13. Door installation
  14. Modern home renovation Surrey
  15. Full-service renovation Surrey
  16. Open concept renovation
  17. Fireplace remodeling
They used sustainable materials and stayed on schedule and budget, a rarity in renovations. Canyon stands out for numerous reasons.
Embarking on a renovation journey transforms your space from the familiar to the extraordinary, starting with a detailed plan that aligns with your vision. We map out every phase of your renovation, ensuring tasks are completed on time and within budget. Imagine tearing down unnecessary walls to create an open, airy environment, or perhaps adding an extension to give your family the extra room it desperately needs. Following this, Canyon's experts will schedule a site visit to assess your space and better understand your renovation goals.

We can replace windows, doors, and insulation to enhance your home's energy performance, saving you money in the long run and contributing to a healthier planet. Financing options for renovation Just as a potter shapes clay into a work of art, Canyon Property Projects crafts personalized home renovation solutions with a master's touch in Licensed Renovators Surrey.

Licensed Renovators Surrey - Renovation contractors

  1. Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  2. Whole house renovation
  3. Outdoor kitchen installation
  4. Basement waterproofing
  5. Basement finishing
  6. Basement suite construction
  7. Toilet installation
  8. Green home remodeling
  9. Home office renovation
  10. Living room renovation
  11. Exterior painting
  12. Residential remodeling
  13. Kitchen cabinet replacement
  14. Local home renovators Surrey
  15. Affordable home remodeling Surrey
  16. Drywall installation and repair
  17. Tile installation services
From the initial consultation to the final walkthrough, you're kept in the loop. As you ponder the future of home renovation, consider how this company is transforming dreams into reality. Whether it's integrating hidden workstations into kitchen areas or creating convertible play spaces for children, Canyon Property Projects Ltd. is setting a new standard in making every square foot of your home work smarter, not harder.

We're here to navigate the complexities of sourcing the right components that embody your style and meet functional needs. They keep you in the loop at every stage of the project, ensuring your kitchen remodel meets your exact specifications. Your project manager will guide you through each choice, ensuring you're aware of the most sustainable options available. You're involved every step of the way, from the initial sketches to the final approval.

Our team doesn't just focus on the big picture; we're obsessed with the details. Exterior siding replacement In the end, Canyon Property Projects doesn't just manage projects-they deliver dreams. Building on their plumbing expertise, Canyon Property Projects also excels in transforming bathrooms into modern sanctuaries. It's not just about renovating homes; it's about rebuilding trust and forging lasting relationships with homeowners and local businesses alike.

Our approach is collaborative. They were professional, timely, and the attention to detail was incredible.' This sentiment echoes across numerous testimonials, where clients praise the team's professionalism, reliability, and exceptional craftsmanship. You'll notice that our designs emphasize natural light, reducing the need for artificial lighting and further decreasing energy consumption. They're not just talking about installing energy-efficient appliances or LED lighting-though that's part of it.



Licensed Renovators Surrey - Permit and code compliance

  • Interior remodeling
  • Lighting upgrades
  • Custom design-build services
  • Surrey heritage home restoration
  • Garage conversion
  • Interior painting
  • Window replacement
  • Laundry room renovation
  • Door installation
  • Modern home renovation Surrey
  • Full-service renovation Surrey
  • Open concept renovation
  • Fireplace remodeling
  • Home improvement ideas Surrey
  • Soaking tub installation
  • Foundation repair

Citations and other links

Licensed Renovators Surrey Kitchen Remodeling Contractors

Choosing custom renovations means you're involved in the decision-making process from start to finish. Renovation cost estimates Their comprehensive range of services, from initial design to the final touches, ensures that your vision for a dream home doesn't turn into a prolonged nightmare. Next up, meet Maria Gonzalez, our interior design guru. Whether you're looking for a sleek, modern kitchen, a spa-like bathroom retreat, or a complete home makeover, they're ready to deliver. With Canyon Property Projects Ltd., you're assured of a home renovation experience that's as unique as you are.

You're not just another project to them; you're a partner in the creative process. Jenny, who'd her entire home renovated, mentions, 'The attention to detail and the seamless integration of sustainable materials blew us away. At Canyon Property Projects, we don't just apply a one-size-fits-all solution; we dive deep into what makes your space special to you. This approach not only keeps your home organized but also allows for easy transitions between different uses of a space.

Our team works closely with you to ensure that every aspect of the renovation reflects your individuality and enhances your living space. You're also thinking about functionality, improving the flow of your home, and incorporating smart technology that enhances your day-to-day living. Whether you're looking to update your kitchen, transform your bathroom, or renovate your entire home, we've got the skills and experience to make it happen. Hardwood floor refinishing The attention to detail is evident in every project, showcasing how personalized touches can truly make a space feel like home.

Licensed Renovators Surrey - Wall removal services

  • Painting and wall finishes
  • Bathroom renovation
  • Soundproofing renovation
  • Vanity replacement
  • Smart home upgrades
  • Fence and gate installation
  • Aging-in-place renovations
  • Garage renovation
  • Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  • Whole house renovation
  • Outdoor kitchen installation
  • Basement waterproofing
  • Basement finishing
  • Basement suite construction
  • Toilet installation
  • Green home remodeling
  • Home office renovation
  • Living room renovation


Whether you're dreaming of a modern, open-plan kitchen or a luxurious, spa-like bathroom, they've got the expertise to bring those dreams to life. Beyond customizing your living spaces, Canyon Property also prioritizes incorporating sustainable building practices into their projects. In the world of home renovation, where the only constant is the dust and the surprises lurking behind every wall, Canyon Property Projects emerges as a beacon of reliability and professionalism in Licensed Renovators Surrey. Your space isn't just renovated; it's reborn, reflecting your unique style and needs. Porch renovation

Licensed Renovators Surrey Kitchen Remodeling Contractors
Licensed Renovators Surrey General Contractors

Licensed Renovators Surrey General Contractors

Lighting also plays a crucial role, with LED strips and under-cabinet options creating ambiance and enhancing functionality. Let's transform your house into the home of your dreams, with every detail reflecting our commitment to excellence and your personal style. Home theater installation Custom home remodeling These elements not only benefit the environment but can also save you money in the long run. Discover why choosing Canyon Property Projects could be the game changer for your renovation project, leaving you curious about the possibilities that lie ahead for reinventing your living space. It's clear that Canyon Property Projects isn't just renovating homes; they're crafting spaces where memories are made and dreams come to life.
It's not just about slapping on a new coat of paint; it's a comprehensive overhaul that breathes new life into every corner of your home. Leading our construction team is Jack Taylor, a master builder with a keen understanding of quality and sustainability. One common challenge is unexpected delays. They kept us in the loop at every stage, ensuring our vision was realized sustainably.' It's clear that Canyon Property doesn't just deliver on their promises; they exceed expectations, marrying customer satisfaction with ecological integrity.
We keep you in the loop from start to finish, providing regular updates and being available to answer any questions you might have. Lastly, don't overlook government loans or grants, especially if your project includes energy-efficient upgrades. Canyon's portfolio of success stories isn't just built on the final product but also the journey there. So, if you're looking to break free from the mundane and embrace a home that's tailor-made for you, they're the team to call. Read more about Licensed Renovators Surrey here
Through volunteer projects and partnerships with local organizations, Canyon Property Projects invests time and resources into initiatives that matter to you and your neighbors. It's about bringing your vision to life with creativity, precision, and care. That's why we've honed our project management process to ensure your journey is smooth, from concept to completion. But it doesn't stop at the interior. Laminate flooring installation

Residential Interior Design Licensed Renovators Surrey

They're not just changing homes; they're changing the way you live, one personalized space at a time. We've embraced solar energy solutions, incorporating solar panels and eco-friendly lighting fixtures to decrease your carbon footprint. This on-site consultation is crucial.

Licensed Renovators Surrey - Roofing and gutters

  • Aging-in-place renovations
  • Garage renovation
  • Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  • Whole house renovation
  • Outdoor kitchen installation
  • Basement waterproofing
  • Basement finishing
  • Basement suite construction
  • Toilet installation
  • Green home remodeling
  • Home office renovation
  • Living room renovation
  • Exterior painting
  • Residential remodeling
  • Kitchen cabinet replacement
  • Local home renovators Surrey
  • Affordable home remodeling Surrey
  • Drywall installation and repair
  • Tile installation services
  • Renovation contractors
At the helm, we've got Alex Johnson, our visionary founder and lead architect, who's spent over two decades perfecting the art of transforming spaces into bespoke living experiences.

This initial contact is your opportunity to discuss your vision, the scope of your project, and any specific requirements or challenges you foresee.

Licensed Renovators Surrey - Crown molding installation

  • Laminate flooring installation
  • Flooring installation
  • Exterior siding replacement
  • Home theater installation
  • Financing options for renovation
  • Roofing and gutters
  • Surrey renovation project planning
  • Home renovation
  • Sustainable renovation materials
  • Kitchen renovation
  • Luxury home remodeling Surrey
  • Exterior home renovation
  • Sunroom addition
  • Trusted renovation contractors Surrey
  • Landscaping and hardscaping
  • Interior remodeling
  • Lighting upgrades
  • Custom design-build services
Deciding on Canyon Property Projects for your home renovation means choosing a partner committed to bringing your vision to life with excellence and precision. Our team's meticulously planned approach means you won't be left guessing what's next.

But what sets them apart isn't just their craftsmanship-it's their approach to each project, ensuring every detail reflects the homeowner's vision and needs. Flooring installation Renovation contractors So, when you're ready to step into the future of home renovation, let Canyon Property Projects be your guide. Let's transform your home into a model of sustainability, showcasing that eco-friendly choices can coexist with sophisticated design and modern comfort.

They're all ears, ensuring every detail of your vision is captured. And it doesn't stop there. Permit and code compliance Energy efficiency upgrades are another new area we're passionate about.

Residential Interior Design Licensed Renovators Surrey
Affordable Renovation Services Licensed Renovators Surrey
Affordable Renovation Services Licensed Renovators Surrey

Whether you're dreaming of a modern, sleek design or a cozy, traditional space, their team of professionals works closely with you to bring those visions to life. Firstly, consider a home equity loan or line of credit. They use only the finest materials and the latest techniques to ensure your renovation stands the test of time. Once you've agreed on the details, they'll get to work creating a detailed plan. They recognize that your home is more than just a place to live; it's a reflection of your personality and a space where memories are made.

Their commitment to quality is another reason you'd choose them. This means your renovation can help protect the planet while also giving you a modern, eco-friendly home. Trust us to transform your home with custom solutions that blend beauty, functionality, and durability. Their clear communication and professionalism made the entire process stress-free.'Daniel T. highlights, 'The attention to detail in our bathroom renovation was exceptional.

Ensure you understand the local regulations and obtain the necessary permits before starting any work. Choosing Canyon Property Projects means you're opting for a hassle-free renovation experience characterized by reliability, efficiency, and outstanding results. Let these images inspire your next home project and imagine the possibilities. The project was completed on time and within budget, which was a huge relief.' This showcases Canyon Property Projects' commitment not just to aesthetics but also to punctuality and financial transparency.

They're not just installing fixtures and tiles; they're crafting an experience. They go deeper, sourcing materials that are both sustainable and locally available, cutting down on transportation emissions and supporting the local economy. Your vision becomes our blueprint during our tailored design process, ensuring every detail reflects your personal style and needs.

Licensed Renovators Surrey - Home theater installation

  1. Home improvement ideas Surrey
  2. Soaking tub installation
  3. Foundation repair
  4. Painting and wall finishes
  5. Bathroom renovation
  6. Soundproofing renovation
  7. Vanity replacement
  8. Smart home upgrades
  9. Fence and gate installation
  10. Aging-in-place renovations
  11. Garage renovation
  12. Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  13. Whole house renovation
  14. Outdoor kitchen installation
  15. Basement waterproofing
  16. Basement finishing
  17. Basement suite construction
Our team employs advanced insulation techniques and energy-efficient windows to lower your home's energy consumption.

Closet renovations
Home Restoration Licensed Renovators Surrey

This approach ensures you're not just getting the best in class service but also value for your hard-earned money. In essence, you've shown that building community trust isn't just a byproduct of doing business; it's a deliberate and integral part of how Canyon Property Projects operates. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. sets a new standard in craftsmanship excellence, ensuring your home renovation stands out with unmatched quality and attention to detail. With a keen eye for detail, their team ensures every tile, fixture, and feature aligns perfectly with your preferences and the latest trends. We promise you a journey filled with discovery, innovation, and satisfaction at every turn.
Need custom cabinetry? We're here to bring your vision to life, with expertise, care, and attention to detail at every step. You'll find that our team doesn't just manage tasks; we anticipate challenges, communicate proactively, and adapt swiftly to any changes, ensuring minimal disruption to your daily life. Ignoring the importance of hiring professionals is also a pitfall.
Think solar tiles that blend with your roof while powering your home, or biophilic designs that bring nature indoors, improving air quality and your overall well-being. You'll find that their testimonials reflect not just satisfaction but genuine appreciation for the work done. These stories are just a glimpse of what we've accomplished. We dive deep into the details, considering everything from the architectural style of your home to your personal aesthetic preferences.
So, when you choose Canyon Property Projects, you're not just upgrading your home; you're becoming part of a larger story of community enhancement and legacy building.

Licensed Renovators Surrey - Permit and code compliance

  • Laundry room renovation
  • Door installation
  • Modern home renovation Surrey
  • Full-service renovation Surrey
  • Open concept renovation
  • Fireplace remodeling
  • Home improvement ideas Surrey
  • Soaking tub installation
  • Foundation repair
  • Painting and wall finishes
  • Bathroom renovation
  • Soundproofing renovation
  • Vanity replacement
  • Smart home upgrades
  • Fence and gate installation
  • Aging-in-place renovations
  • Garage renovation
They're not just contractors; they're community members dedicated to enhancing the places they live and work in. Another success story comes from a family in need of a major bathroom renovation. 'We were dreading the process, but Canyon made it seamless. Choosing Canyon Property Projects means you're opting for a team that values excellence in project management as much as you value your home.

Explore Licensed Renovators Surrey here
Home Restoration Licensed Renovators Surrey

A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

[edit]

A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

[edit]

In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

[edit]

In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

[edit]

Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

[edit]

Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

[edit]

Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

[edit]

A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

[edit]

Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

[edit]

Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

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Frequently Asked Questions

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