Vancouver Cruise Terminal Transportation

Vancouver Cruise Terminal Transportation

Motor coach rental

Imagine gliding through the vibrant streets, where every corner turned unveils a piece of the city's heart and history. Star Coach Bus Rentals elevates your travel plans with customizable tour packages designed to fit your unique needs and preferences. We've designed our buses with your relaxation in mind. Learn more about Vancouver Cruise Terminal Transportation here Questions?
Consider it done. Each vehicle is meticulously maintained and features state-of-the-art amenities to ensure your journey is as comfortable as it's memorable. It's a game-changer.
From the plush seating that whispers comfort to the entertainment features that keep the boredom at bay, there's a lot to discuss about how these buses are redefining travel norms. With a fleet of well-maintained and comfortable buses, they make sure that your journey is as smooth as possible. The aisles are wide, facilitating easy movement throughout the bus, whether you're accessing the onboard restroom or simply stretching your legs.
After exploring what makes Star Coach Bus Rentals a trusted choice for travelers, it's time to see how they can elevate your Vancouver adventure. Stick around, and you'll discover how Star Coach is not only transporting passengers but also transporting the industry into a new era of luxury and responsibility. School trips become memorable adventures in safety and comfort, while nights out are elevated to new heights of excitement without the worry of parking or driving. Learn more about Star Coach here.

Bus provider

In recent years, an impressive 60% of luxury bus rentals in Vancouver have been attributed to Star Coach, a company that's quickly become synonymous with the epitome of travel opulence. They're committed to responding promptly to all inquiries, guaranteeing that your planning process is as stress-free as possible. Many have shared their exceptional experiences with Star Coach's bus rental services in Vancouver, highlighting the company's commitment to excellence and customer satisfaction. You won't have to settle for a one-size-fits-all approach. You'll find our team readily available to assist you, whether it's a question about your booking, a special request for your trip, or assistance while you're on the road.
Vancouver's Star Coach Bus Rentals redefine comfort, ensuring you experience unparalleled relaxation during your journey. Whether it's arranging special seating for a more comfortable ride or adjusting travel times to better suit your schedule, they're on it, ensuring that every aspect of your service is meticulously planned and executed. Group transportation Recognizing the importance of sustainability, Star Coach has integrated eco-friendly practices into their luxury bus services. Have you ever wondered what it's like to travel in unparalleled comfort and style, without the hassle of navigating through crowded airports or compromising on luxury?
That's where Star Coach steps in. You'll find that the fleet is meticulously curated to suit various group sizes and preferences. And don't worry, if you've got questions or need to adjust your plans, our customer service team is just a call or an email away. Read more about Vancouver Cruise Terminal Transportation here Luxury bus rentals come with a level of service you'd expect from a high-end hotel.
We've compared the market and adjusted our rates to ensure you're getting the best deal for first-class travel. And, with complimentary snacks and beverages served by attentive crew members, you'll feel well taken care of from start to finish. Moreover, we take pride in our ability to offer unique experiences that go beyond just transportation. Isn't it a happy coincidence that you're in need of corporate and event travel solutions in Vancouver just as Star Coach unveils its top-tier bus rental services?

Vancouver Bus Fleet Services

Indigenous settlement of Vancouver began more than 10,000 years ago and included the Squamish, Musqueam, and Tsleil-Waututh (Burrard) peoples. The beginnings of the modern city, which was originally named Gastown, grew around the site of a makeshift tavern on the western edges of Hastings Mill that was built on July 1, 1867, and owned by proprietor Gassy Jack. The Gastown steam clock marks the original site. Gastown then formally registered as a townsite dubbed Granville, Burrard Inlet. The city was renamed "Vancouver" in 1886 through a deal with the Canadian Pacific Railway. The Canadian Pacific transcontinental railway was extended to the city by 1887. The city's large natural seaport on the Pacific Ocean became a vital link in the trade between Asia-Pacific, East Asia, Europe, and Eastern Canada.

Citations and other links

Executive Corporate Coach Rental Vancouver

Whether you're dealing with last-minute changes or have special requests, they work tirelessly to ensure your satisfaction.

Bus packages

  • Transport services
  • Festival shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Mini coach rental
  • Team travel
  • Senior group travel
  • Vancouver
  • Shuttle service
  • Vancouver region
  • School bus rental
  • Hourly bus rental
  • Bus packages
  • Airport transfer
  • Private group transport
  • Transport services
  • Festival shuttle
  • Coach hire
We're also thrilled when clients like Emma share their stories. Want to spend a little longer soaking in the sights at a particular spot? Next, you'll input your trip details.

Post-trip, expect a follow-up to ensure your journey met all your expectations. Entertainment options abound, with the latest in audio-visual technology at your fingertips. Every journey you take is more than just a ride; it's an experience designed for your comfort, entertainment, and convenience.

It's all about where you want to go, at your pace, ensuring you soak in every bit of Vancouver's unique charm. Luxury transportation Understanding the importance of affordability, Star Coach regularly offers competitive pricing that ensures you get exceptional value for your transportation needs. After exploring our onboard entertainment options, let's not forget that your safety is our top priority as we cruise through Vancouver.

If something unexpected pops up, we can adjust swiftly, without disrupting your schedule. It's evident in the glowing reviews and repeat clients. And, let's not forget the climate control system, which maintains an ideal temperature, ensuring you're comfortable no matter the season. Airport transfer

Executive Corporate Coach Rental Vancouver
Custom Corporate Coach Rental Vancouver

Custom Corporate Coach Rental Vancouver

You've probably experienced your fair share of group travel nightmares, where the only luxury was a window seat. We've thought of everything to keep you entertained, making your journey with us not just a trip from A to B, but an experience to remember.

Bus provider

  1. Senior group travel
  2. Vancouver
  3. Shuttle service
  4. Vancouver region
  5. Festival shuttle
  6. Coach hire
  7. Mini coach rental
  8. Team travel
  9. Senior group travel
  10. Vancouver
  11. Shuttle service
  12. Vancouver region
  13. Festival shuttle
  14. Coach hire
  15. Mini coach rental
  16. Team travel
  17. Senior group travel
You'll find plush seating that ensures you're relaxed, whether you're on a short trip or a long haul across scenic routes. So sit back, relax, and let's entertain you as you travel in style across Vancouver.

Star Coach's buses are designed with spacious seating, ample legroom, and climate control to ensure you enjoy a first-class ambiance no matter the weather outside. Imagine the ease of settling into your seat, with ample legroom that lets you stretch out or catch up on work without feeling cramped. This form guides you through each step, ensuring you don't miss any vital information.

Choosing Star Coach means you're part of a larger movement towards sustainable travel, without compromising on comfort or luxury. Their fleet of luxury buses ensures that your travel is as comfortable as it's memorable, with premium features that set the stage for an unparalleled experience. Our fleet consistently sets the standard for quality, ensuring every ride you take is nothing short of exceptional.

Coach hire

  • Airport transfer
  • Private group transport
  • Transport services
  • Festival shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Mini coach rental
  • Team travel
  • Senior group travel
  • Vancouver
  • Shuttle service
  • Vancouver region
  • Bus provider
  • Luxury transportation
  • Passenger bus rental
  • Sightseeing bus
  • Long-distance bus
  • Bus services
  • Affordable bus rental


Next, your journey takes you to the bustling Granville Island, where the public market presents an array of local delicacies, artisan crafts, and lively performers. Furthermore, Star Coach's reliability isn't just about punctuality. You've got access to amenities that transform travel time into an extension of your event.

High-End Executive Coach Vancouver

At Star Coach Bus Rentals, safety isn't just a priority; it's a constant commitment that ensures every trip you take is as secure as it's comfortable. When you're planning a corporate event or organizing travel for a large group, you want the assurance that transportation will be the least of your worries. Whether you're planning a grand wedding entrance, a corporate event, or a casual group outing, our executive fleet matches your needs with elegance and efficiency.

Transport services

  • Senior group travel
  • Vancouver
  • Shuttle service
  • Vancouver region
  • Transport services
  • Festival shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Mini coach rental
  • Team travel
  • Senior group travel
  • Vancouver
  • Shuttle service
  • Vancouver region
  • Transport services
  • Festival shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Mini coach rental
  • Team travel
Unlike many other bus rental services, Star Coach doesn't just slap on a one-size-fits-all price tag.

Bus packages

  1. Motor coach rental
  2. Group transportation
  3. Field trip bus
  4. Bus provider
  5. Luxury transportation
  6. Passenger bus rental
  7. Sightseeing bus
  8. Long-distance bus
  9. Bus services
  10. Affordable bus rental
  11. School bus rental
  12. Hourly bus rental
  13. Bus packages
  14. Airport transfer
  15. Private group transport
  16. Transport services
  17. Festival shuttle
Choosing Star Coach means you're making a statement.

That's why they offer personalized attention from the moment you reach out.

Private group transport

  1. Team travel
  2. Senior group travel
  3. Vancouver
  4. Shuttle service
  5. Vancouver region
  6. Airport transfer
  7. Private group transport
  8. Transport services
  9. Festival shuttle
  10. Coach hire
  11. Mini coach rental
  12. Team travel
  13. Senior group travel
  14. Vancouver
  15. Shuttle service
  16. Vancouver region
  17. Airport transfer
Feeling peckish? They're responsive, understanding, and flexible, ready to accommodate your specific needs and schedules. You won't have to worry about coordinating multiple vehicles or the stress of unexpected delays.

With Star Coach's executive fleet, you're not just traveling; you're indulging in an experience that sets a new standard for bus rental in Vancouver. You'll start by selecting your desired service, whether it's a luxury tour of Vancouver's breathtaking sights or a stylish, comfortable ride for a special event. They're not just about getting you from point A to point B; they're about making the journey as enjoyable as the destination. Star Coach prides itself on transparency, so you won't have to worry about hidden fees.

Victoria itself, with its charming downtown and beautiful Butchart Gardens, becomes even more accessible and enjoyable. You'll be whisked away in unparalleled comfort, with luxury seating that ensures every moment of your journey is as enjoyable as the destinations themselves. Imagine stepping onto a vehicle where every detail caters to your comfort and pleasure. At Star Coach, we prioritize your safety above all, implementing robust measures to ensure a secure journey from start to finish. Mini coach rental

Coach hire
High-End Executive Coach Vancouver
First-Class Corporate Coach Vancouver
First-Class Corporate Coach Vancouver

Shifting focus to the corporate world, luxury bus rental in Vancouver emerges as an unparalleled travel solution for business events.

Transport services

  • Vancouver
  • Shuttle service
  • Vancouver region
  • Coach hire
  • Mini coach rental
  • Team travel
  • Senior group travel
  • Vancouver
  • Shuttle service
  • Vancouver region
  • Coach hire
  • Mini coach rental
  • Team travel
  • Senior group travel
  • Vancouver
However, Star Coach promises to change that narrative with its fleet of luxury buses, each outfitted with amenities that you might not even find in your living room. Star Coach understands that every occasion is unique, and their services are tailored to meet the specific needs of your event. They're committed to making your group travel as enjoyable and stress-free as possible, ensuring your journey isn't just a ride, but a treasured part of your event. Stepping into the luxury segment of bus rentals in Vancouver, the Prevost H3-45 presents an unparalleled blend of comfort and style. Passenger bus rental

It's all about preventing issues before they occur, ensuring that every vehicle operates at peak performance. Think professional, courteous drivers, onboard Wi-Fi to keep you connected, and even concierge services to cater to your every whim. Whether you prefer to pay upfront or require a payment plan, we've got you covered. You'll appreciate that their buses are equipped with the latest in fuel-efficient technology.

With Star Coach, you're not just booking a luxury bus ride; you're choosing a safe, reliable, and worry-free travel experience. Bus services Securing your luxury bus rental with Star Coach is a straightforward and hassle-free process. With a keen understanding that no two businesses are the same, Star Coach works closely with you to customize every aspect of your travel plan. As the sun rises over the Vancouver skyline, Star Coach isn't just changing the game; it's rewriting the playbook for premium bus rental services.

This means you don't have to worry about the logistics; instead, you can focus on what you do best. Each bus undergoes rigorous maintenance and safety checks before hitting the road, ensuring that every component is in perfect working order. You'll notice that each bus boasts state-of-the-art amenities, including plush seating, advanced entertainment systems, and climate control, ensuring your journey is as comfortable as it can be. School bus rental Got a question?

Field trip bus

  • Affordable bus rental
  • School bus rental
  • Hourly bus rental
  • Bus packages
  • Airport transfer
  • Private group transport
  • Transport services
  • Festival shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Mini coach rental
  • Team travel
  • Senior group travel
  • Vancouver
  • Shuttle service
  • Vancouver region
  • Bus services
  • Affordable bus rental
  • School bus rental
  • Hourly bus rental


Corporate Group Transportation Vancouver

Or perhaps you're looking for a cozy setup for a family reunion on wheels? They'll then send you a confirmation email, which includes all the details of your trip, from pickup times to any special amenities you've requested. After experiencing the unmatched comfort of their rides, you'll also be impressed by the stylish fleet options Vancouver's Star Coach Bus Rentals offers. From corporate clients to wedding parties, the stories speak volumes about the quality and reliability of their service. With them, you're not just booking a ride; you're crafting a personalized adventure.
Booking your journey with Star Coach is as straightforward and hassle-free as it gets. Once you've decided on the perfect travel package, you won't have to jump through hoops to secure your reservation. We haven't forgotten about refreshments, either. Sightseeing bus Choosing Star Coach means you're opting for a stress-free, reliable, and premium travel experience.
You can rest assured knowing that the bus you're boarding is in top-notch condition. You've likely heard the buzz about reducing carbon footprints, and this company is leading the charge in the transportation sector. You're not just booking a bus; you're securing peace of mind that your schedule is as important to them as it's to you. If your group craves culinary explorations, Star Coach can weave through Vancouver's best eateries.
Whether you're planning a corporate event, a wedding, or a scenic tour around Vancouver, they've got a bus that'll not only meet your needs but also reflect the sophistication and elegance of your event.

Transport services

  • Bus packages
  • Airport transfer
  • Private group transport
  • Transport services
  • Festival shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Mini coach rental
  • Team travel
  • Senior group travel
  • Vancouver
  • Shuttle service
  • Vancouver region
  • Bus packages
  • Airport transfer
  • Private group transport
  • Transport services
  • Festival shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Mini coach rental
Whether you're planning a corporate event, a wedding, or a scenic tour around Vancouver, Star Coach caters to all occasions with customizable options to enhance your journey. It extends to scheduling, route planning, and even on-board services. The seamless experience from booking to destination has made John a repeat customer.

Explore Vancouver Cruise Terminal Transportation here
Corporate Group Transportation Vancouver
An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

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[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

[edit]

The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

[edit]
Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

[edit]

A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

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The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

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Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

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The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

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Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

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A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

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See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

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