Surrey Interior Remodeling

Surrey Interior Remodeling

Home improvement services

Imagine smart homes that adapt to your needs, from energy-saving heating systems to automated lighting, all controlled by your smartphone. Plus, they offer detailed quotes that break down all aspects of your project, so you know exactly where your money is going. That's why we offer bespoke solutions tailored specifically to your needs and preferences. Learn more about Surrey Interior Remodeling here Their project management approach isn't just about keeping things on track.
They're not just about making your space look good; they're dedicated to making sure you feel good about it, too. By adopting these sustainable practices, they ensure your home renovation isn't only an investment in comfort and style but also in environmental sustainability.

Surrey Interior Remodeling - Garage conversion

  1. Entertainment room renovation
  2. Closet renovations
  3. Electrical renovations
  4. Full-service renovation Surrey
  5. Sustainable renovation materials
  6. Soundproofing renovation
  7. Countertop installation
  8. Surrey home renovation company
  9. Financing options for renovation
  10. Home improvement ideas Surrey
  11. Renovation contractors
  12. Hardwood floor refinishing
  13. Home theater installation
  14. Built-in storage solutions
  15. Surrey renovation project planning
  16. Accessible home design
  17. Residential remodeling
They'll work with you to incorporate renewable energy solutions, like solar panels, into your design if that's your goal.
Why settle for a one-size-fits-all approach when your home can reflect your personal style and needs through a tailored makeover? With Canyon Property, you're also getting transparency in every aspect of the project. It's these experiences that highlight the company's commitment to not only meet but surpass their clients' visions. Learn more about Professional Home Renovation Surrey Contractors here.
The project was completed on time and within budget, which was a huge relief.'

Surrey Interior Remodeling - Surrey home renovation company

  1. Accessible home design
  2. Residential remodeling
  3. Crown molding installation
  4. Foundation repair
  5. Living room renovation
  6. Whole house renovation
  7. Window replacement
  8. Backsplash installation
  9. Drywall installation and repair
  10. Fence and gate installation
  11. Exterior home renovation
  12. Custom design-build services
  13. Baseboard and trim renovation
  14. Bedroom remodeling
  15. Outdoor kitchen installation
  16. Home energy audit
  17. Home insulation upgrades
  18. Eco-friendly renovations
This showcases Canyon Property Projects' commitment not just to aesthetics but also to punctuality and financial transparency. They're not just changing homes; they're changing the way you live, one personalized space at a time. Choosing Canyon Property Projects means you're not just getting a contractor; you're partnering with professionals who prioritize quality over quantity. Read more about Surrey Interior Remodeling here

But what sets them apart isn't just their ability to renovate homes-it's their commitment to sustainable building practices and building a legacy within the community. Jumping into renovations without a detailed plan can lead to delays and cost overruns.

Surrey Interior Remodeling - Soundproofing renovation

  • Crown molding installation
  • Foundation repair
  • Living room renovation
  • Whole house renovation
  • Window replacement
  • Backsplash installation
  • Drywall installation and repair
  • Fence and gate installation
  • Exterior home renovation
  • Custom design-build services
  • Baseboard and trim renovation
  • Bedroom remodeling
  • Outdoor kitchen installation
  • Home energy audit
  • Home insulation upgrades
  • Eco-friendly renovations
  • Flooring installation
  • Experienced renovation team Surrey
  • Lighting upgrades
You'll find that their approach to sustainability isn't a one-size-fits-all. Canyon's portfolio of success stories isn't just built on the final product but also the journey there. Our gallery serves as a testament to what's possible when you choose Canyon Property Projects as your partner in renovation.

Our outdoor projects focus on drought-resistant landscaping, promoting a greener, more resilient outdoor space. You've got a vision for your home, and Canyon Property Projects Ltd. is here to bring it to life. You'll appreciate our transparent communication throughout the process, ensuring you're always in the loop and confident in the progress of your project. For your convenience, Canyon Property Projects offers multiple ways to get in touch and flexible hours to fit your schedule.

There's a lot more to uncover about why homeowners in Surrey Interior Remodeling are turning to Canyon Property Projects for their renovation needs. If you're contemplating embarking on a journey to revitalize your home, learning more about what sets Canyon Property Projects apart could be your first step towards a seamlessly executed dream renovation. Instead, it adds a unique charm and story to your home, all while reducing waste. You're not just hiring a team; you're partnering with a dedicated group of professionals who've spent years honing their craft.

They stand out in the crowded market for several compelling reasons. You're likely seeking a partner that combines a unique renovation approach with tailored design solutions, and that's precisely where Canyon stands out. Every project undertaken by Canyon Property Projects exemplifies our commitment to delivering unmatched service quality, ensuring your renovation dreams become a reality with precision and care. It's a quick way to get your foot in the door and lets them prepare for your initial consultation.

Citations and other links

Home Project Management Surrey Interior Remodeling

Trust us to transform your home with custom solutions that blend beauty, functionality, and durability. Energy efficiency is another key focus. Moreover, Canyon Property Projects Ltd prioritizes recycling and minimizing waste during your renovation. This means you can seamlessly blend the inside and outside of your home, creating a cohesive look that's both beautiful and functional. They dive deep into the aesthetics, from sleek, contemporary designs to classic elegance, ensuring every detail aligns with your vision.

It allows them to assess the space, take measurements, and envisage your ideas in the physical environment. This collaborative process ensures the final outcome not only meets but exceeds your expectations. This approach not only keeps your home organized but also allows for easy transitions between different uses of a space. Let Canyon Property Projects guide you through a full-scale renovation that turns your current house into the dream home you've always wanted.

Surrey Interior Remodeling - Attic renovation

  1. Porch renovation
  2. Wall removal services
  3. Energy-efficient renovations
  4. Soaking tub installation
  5. Custom cabinetry
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  7. Open concept renovation
  8. Home addition services
  9. Structural renovation
  10. House remodeling experts
  11. Modern home renovation Surrey
  12. Kitchen cabinet replacement
  13. Kitchen renovation
  14. Surrey custom home upgrades
  15. Local home renovators Surrey
  16. Surrey heritage home restoration


They've built a reputation for delivering top-notch results, all while ensuring the process is smooth and transparent. Our design philosophy emphasizes natural light, enhancing your home's warmth and reducing the need for artificial lighting. It's this initial deep dive into your expectations that sets the groundwork for a renovation project that truly reflects your desires. Then there's the case of a small, cramped kitchen in a semi-detached house that we transformed into a spacious, light-filled space with high-end finishes. Permit and code compliance

This means you're always in the loop, able to make informed decisions quickly. Weather, supply chain issues, or discovering unforeseen problems once the walls are opened up can set back your timeline. From initial design consultation to the final touches, we're with you every step of the way. So, when it's time to renovate, trust us to deliver a home that's as beautiful as it's well-made.

Home Project Management Surrey Interior Remodeling
Quick Home Renovations Surrey Interior Remodeling

Quick Home Renovations Surrey Interior Remodeling

At Canyon Property Projects, we dive deep into your desires, ensuring that every facet of the renovation process is clear and tailored to your expectations. Another success story comes from a family in need of a major bathroom renovation. Entertainment room renovation 'We were dreading the process, but Canyon made it seamless. They're committed to keeping you in the loop, ensuring that your project stays on track, within budget, and is completed to your satisfaction. This means you're not just getting quality craftsmanship; you're also benefiting from insights that can only come from years of honing their craft. You'll find that their testimonials reflect not just satisfaction but genuine appreciation for the work done.

It's that easy to start transforming your home with Canyon Property Projects. These elements not only benefit the environment but can also save you money in the long run. It's not just about delivering on time and budget; it's about adding value that you hadn't even considered.

Surrey Interior Remodeling - Surrey home renovation company

  1. Vanity replacement
  2. Staircase renovation
  3. Luxury home remodeling Surrey
  4. Custom home remodeling
  5. Bathroom tile renovation
  6. Mudroom design
  7. Door installation
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  10. Landscaping and hardscaping
  11. Interior remodeling
  12. Basement suite construction
  13. Interior painting
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  15. Smart home upgrades
  16. Sunroom addition
Firstly, their team's expertise ensures your project is in capable hands.

Reaching out to Canyon Property Projects is the first step towards transforming your home. Your project manager will guide you through each choice, ensuring you're aware of the most sustainable options available. We're also keen on incorporating energy-efficient fixtures and appliances that save you money in the long run while protecting the environment. Moreover, modular designs will allow you to reconfigure your space effortlessly as your needs change, making your home truly future-proof.

If you're looking to expand your living space, we also handle extensions and loft conversions, providing that much-needed extra room with seamless integration into your existing home layout. Another option is a personal loan. It's all about understanding your vision, so don't hold back. Let's transform your house into the home of your dreams, with every detail reflecting our commitment to excellence and your personal style.

Exterior Home Design and Build Surrey Interior Remodeling

We meticulously oversee every detail, ensuring the workmanship meets our exacting standards-and yours. Smart home upgrades This unwavering commitment to customer satisfaction hasn't only set them apart in Surrey Interior Remodeling but has also cultivated a loyal customer base that trusts them with their homes time and time again. At Canyon Property Projects, we specialize in transforming your space with high-quality renovations, ensuring every detail meets your vision and standards. This approach removes the stress and uncertainty that can often accompany renovation projects. Full-service renovation Surrey Let's transform your space into the home of your dreams, where every detail reflects your personal style and meets your everyday needs.

This approach proves you don't have to sacrifice comfort for sustainability. Home improvement services They don't just renovate spaces; they transform them into personalized sanctuaries that reflect who you are. They delivered a stunning renovation that was both beautiful and environmentally responsible.'These testimonials underscore Canyon Property Projects' dedication to delivering customized, sustainable renovation solutions that not only meet but exceed their clients' expectations. They understand that the kitchen isn't just a place to cook; it's where memories are made, stories are shared, and families come together.

Lastly, expect a more personalized renovation experience, with services tailored to your specific desires and needs. That's why they're committed to installing high-quality, durable materials that stand the test of time. They're not just contractors; they're community members dedicated to enhancing the places they live and work in. Whether you're dreaming of a modern kitchen makeover, an expansive new living area, or a luxurious bathroom upgrade, we've got the expertise to bring your vision to life.

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  • Walk-in shower installation
  • Fireplace remodeling
  • Porch renovation
  • Wall removal services
  • Energy-efficient renovations
  • Soaking tub installation
  • Custom cabinetry
  • Trusted renovation contractors Surrey
  • Open concept renovation
  • Home addition services
  • Structural renovation
  • House remodeling experts
  • Modern home renovation Surrey
  • Kitchen cabinet replacement
  • Kitchen renovation


Share your inspirations, timelines, and budget right from the start. When you're tackling a home renovation or dealing with pesky plumbing issues, you want a team that not only understands the complexities of plumbing systems but also approaches each project with a solution-oriented mindset. They regularly post updates on completed projects and customer testimonials, giving you a deeper insight into their work ethic and results. But it doesn't stop at the interior.

Exterior Home Design and Build Surrey Interior Remodeling
Surrey Interior Remodeling Outdoor Aesthetic Renovation
Surrey Interior Remodeling Outdoor Aesthetic Renovation

As we peel back the layers on what makes Canyon Property Projects the go-to choice for homeowners seeking to elevate their spaces, you'll find compelling reasons why their approach to customized living spaces and sustainable building practices not only meets but exceeds expectations. Electrical renovations You'll find our services cater to a broad spectrum. That's what they're bringing to homes across Surrey Interior Remodeling. We always felt informed and involved in the decision-making, making it a truly collaborative experience.' Canyon Property Projects' emphasis on client involvement ensures that the final outcome reflects the homeowner's vision, further cementing their reputation for customer satisfaction. Transparency is key, so you'll never be left in the dark about the progress of your renovation.

They're keen on understanding your vision, so they'll ask for a detailed account of what you're envisioning. Surrey home renovation company If you're more comfortable with a direct approach, they've got you covered. We're here to work closely with you, making sure you're informed about potential cost implications and helping you make decisions that align with your budget and your vision. It's about bringing your vision to life with creativity, precision, and care.

This ensures transparency and sets the foundation for a renovation journey that's as stress-free as possible. They're committed to reducing the environmental footprint of their renovations, ensuring your home isn't just beautiful but also kind to the planet. Whether you're dreaming of a serene, spa-like bathroom retreat or a vibrant, open-plan kitchen that becomes the heart of your home, they've got the expertise to make it happen. Together, they make up a powerhouse team at Canyon Property Projects, dedicated to turning your renovation dreams into a reality with an unmatched level of expertise, passion, and precision.

You've likely noticed the buzz surrounding their innovative approach, which seamlessly blends unique design philosophies with unparalleled craftsmanship. Canyon Property doesn't just talk the talk; they walk the walk. Garage renovation The glowing testimonials from satisfied clients might make you wonder about the magic they can work on your property. From your cozy living room to the serene bedroom spaces, they've got you covered with comprehensive home renovations that breathe new life into your property.

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Whether it's transforming a dated kitchen into a culinary haven, turning an old bathroom into a spa-like retreat, or undertaking a full-scale home renovation, their team brings a blend of creativity, craftsmanship, and attention to detail that sets them apart. The attention to detail is evident in every project, showcasing how personalized touches can truly make a space feel like home. They listen intently, ensuring every detail of what you envision is captured. Sustainable renovation materials Our goal is to create spaces that aren't only visually stunning but also functionally advanced.
Communication is key to our project management strategy. Choosing Canyon Property Projects means you're opting for a hassle-free renovation journey. You're not just hiring a team; you're partnering with professionals who bring years of experience and a passion for excellence to every project.
Your space isn't just renovated; it's reborn, reflecting your unique style and needs. Lastly, government loans or grants could be available, especially if your project includes energy-efficient upgrades. Soundproofing renovation Garage conversion It's a collaborative journey that guarantees the end result is uniquely yours. Closet renovations
Turning your dream home into a tangible reality starts with understanding the renovation process and setting clear, achievable goals. You're benefiting from years of experience that span a wide range of renovation projects, big and small. Our team then crafts a design plan tailored just for you, incorporating your feedback and preferences at every step.

Explore Surrey Interior Remodeling here
Surrey Interior Remodeling Fence Renovation
Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

[edit]

Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

[edit]

A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

[edit]

A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

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In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

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In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

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Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

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Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

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Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

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A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

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Frequently Asked Questions

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