Managing Expectations During Corrective Jaw Treatment

Managing Expectations During Corrective Jaw Treatment

**Early Intervention with Invisalign First for Kids**

Corrective jaw surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery, is a complex procedure designed to correct severe jaw malocclusions that cannot be fully corrected with orthodontics. In children, this surgery is often necessary to address significant jaw abnormalities that can impact their ability to chew, speak, and breathe properly. Understanding the need for such surgery involves knowing the types of jaw malocclusions that may require surgical correction.


Regular check-ups are important during orthodontic treatment Pediatric orthodontic care medicine.

Jaw malocclusions are generally identified based on how the upper and lower teeth align when biting down. There are three major classifications: Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. Class I malocclusion involves the lower anterior incisors biting directly behind the upper anterior incisors, which is considered less severe. Class II malocclusion, commonly known as an overbite, occurs when the lower incisors lie significantly behind the upper incisors, potentially hitting the soft tissue behind them. This can cause discomfort, bone damage, and excessive wear on the front teeth. Class III malocclusion, or an underbite, is when the lower jaw and incisors are positioned beyond the upper teeth, making the lower jaw more prominent. This type of malocclusion can significantly impact both the function and aesthetic appearance of the jaw.


Corrective jaw surgery typically involves repositioning the maxilla (upper jaw), mandible (lower jaw), or both to improve jaw alignment and function. The procedure is usually performed after the jaw has stopped growing, which is typically between 14 to 16 years of age for girls and 17 to 21 years for boys. Prior to surgery, patients often require several months of orthodontic treatment to align their teeth properly. After surgery, additional orthodontic treatment may be necessary to finalize the bite, often including the use of retainers to sustain the new alignment.


The surgery itself can take several hours and involves a hospital stay, typically for one to two nights. The recovery process includes a healing time of about two weeks, during which a modified diet may be recommended. The ultimate goal of corrective jaw surgery is not only to improve functional concerns like chewing and breathing but also to provide a more natural facial balance and aesthetic appearance. This can significantly impact a child's self-confidence and overall quality of life.


In many cases, corrective jaw surgery is part of a comprehensive treatment plan for children with cleft lip and palate or other significant jaw abnormalities. It is important for families to be well- advised on the benefits and process of the surgery to ensure they have a clear and accurate forecast of what to experience during the treatment journey.

Preparing children for orthognathic surgery is a comprehensive process that requires understanding, planning, and support. Orthognathic surgery, often referred to as corrective jaw surgery, is a procedure that corrects severe malocclusions and jaw deformities, addressing issues such as difficulties with chewing, speaking, or breathing due to misaligned jaws. This surgery is typically performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons and involves moving jaw bones into their desired positions, secured by tiny screws and plates.


The importance of orthodontic treatment before and after surgery should not be underestized. Orthodontic treatment, which usually involves the use of braces, is crucial for repositioning the teeth to create a stable foundation for the surgery. This process typically takes several years, during which the orthodontist will work to correct the alignment of the teeth. By ensuring that the teeth fit together properly after surgery, orthodontic treatment helps to prevent complications and ensures a better post-surgical bite.


When it comes to children, preparation for orthognathic surgery involves more than just the medical procedures. It is crucial to explain the surgery in a way that they can understand, highlighting the benefits and how it will improve their life. For example, explaining how the surgery will help them eat or speak more easily can help them see the positive outcomes. It is also important to keep them calm and informed, as their anxiety can be directly aligned with their understanding of the procedure.


Pre-surgery preparation also includes ensuring that the child follows a healthy diet and sleep schedule to enhance their recovery. The healthier they are before surgery, the better their recovery is likely to be. After surgery, having soft or liquid foods available can make their recovery more comfortable, as they may not be able to chew for a period.


Orthodontic treatment after surgery is also important to finalize the alignment of the teeth and jaw. This may include additional orthodontic work to make any final necessary changes to the bite. By understanding the importance of these steps, children and their family can better manage their recovery and long term outcomes.

**The HealthyStart System**

When children undergo corrective jaw surgery, it's important for them and their family to understand the typical recovery process, which includes significant diet changes and follow-up appointments. This process is often a major concern, but with proper guidance, it can be managed more easily.


The recovery from corrective jaw surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery, typically takes several months. Immediately after surgery, children can expect some swelling, bruising, and discomfort, which can be managed with medication and ice. Swelling usually subsided within about a week, but some numbness may persist for several months[2][3]. It's common for children to feel a sore throat and experience numbness in the cheek, lips, and chin, but these symptoms generally improve over time[4][5]. Fatigue is also common, so rest is recommended.


D Dietary changes are a significant part of the recovery process. For the first few weeks, children are usually restricted to a soft or liquid diet to allow their jaw to heal properly. This includes foods like soups, mashed potatoes, and pureed foods. Gradual transition to solid foods typically takes three to six weeks, with the guidance of their oral surgeon[3][4]. By the end of the second month, most children can eat soft foods, and by the end of the second or even the beginning of the first month, they can start eating more solid foods if they do not cause discomfort[4][5]. It may take several months before they can resume their normal eating diet.


Follow-up appointments with the oral surgeon are important to ensure proper healing and to address any concerns or difficulties during the recovery process. These appointments help monitor the healing of the jaw and ensure that the child is following the recommended diet and activity restrictions. Children usually return to school within one to two weeks after surgery, as long as they are able to manage their pain and follow the prescribed recovery plan[3][5]. It's important for children and their family to stay in good health and avoid activities that could hinder recovery, such as strenuous exercise or using tobacco and alcohol[4]. By understanding these aspects of the recovery process, children undergoing corrective jaw surgery can have a more comfortable and smooth recovery.

**The HealthyStart System**

This non-invasive approach targets the natural development of children's teeth and jaw, using soft dental appliances to align teeth and address breathing issues, reducing the need for more invasive treatments.

When it comes to managing expectations during corrective jaw treatment, one of the most crucial factors is the use of advanced imaging and planning techniques. These technologies have revolutionized the field by ensuring precise surgical outcomes, which in itself can significantly impact patient satisfaction and the overall success of the procedure.


Advanced imaging techniques, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provide surgeons with detailed three-dimensional images of the jaw anatomy. This level of precision allows them to assess bone density, identify abnormalities, and plan the surgical approach with accuracy. By using these imaging modalities, surgeons can create a tailored treatment plan that addresses the unique needs of each patient, minimizing the risk of complications and enhancing the likelihood of achieving optimal results.


In addition to advanced imaging, virtual surgical planning plays a vital role in ensuring precise outcomes. This involves using digital models to simulate the surgical procedure, enabling surgeons to anticipate potential challenges and make informed decisions. By combining advanced imaging with virtual planning, surgeons can achieve a level of precision that traditional methods often can't match.


Moreover, the use of 3D printing technology allows for the creation of custom implants and surgical guides. These tools are designed based on the patient's unique anatomy, ensuring accurate implant placement and reducing the risk of errors during surgery. This personalized approach not only enhances the precision of the procedure but also contributes to improved patient satisfaction by ensuring a more natural outcome.


Effective communication between the surgeon and the patient is also essential in managing expectations. By clearly understanding the role of advanced imaging and planning techniques, patients can better anticipate the outcomes of their treatment. Surgeons should provide detailed explanations of the procedure, discuss potential risks, and ensure that patients are well-informed about what to expect before, during, and after surgery. This transparency helps manage expectations and fosters trust between patients and healthcare providers, ultimately leading to more successful outcomes.


In the end, the use of advanced imaging and planning techniques in corrective jaw treatment is not just about achieving precise surgical outcomes; it's also about ensuring that patients have realistic expectations and are prepared for the journey. By combining cutting-edge technology with patient-centered care, healthcare providers can deliver superior results while enhancing the overall patient experience.

**Myobrace: A No-Braces Approach**

When it comes to corrective jaw surgery in children, it's crucial for both the child and their care team to have a clear and informed approach to manage the potential complications and side effects. This type of surgery, while transformative in improving oral function and aesthetics, can present several challenges during recovery.


Swelling and Bruising are common post-operative reactions. Swelling typically subsides within three to four weeks, but it can vary based on the extent of the surgery. Applying cold compresses and adhering to postoperative care instructions can help minimize these effects.


Numbness or Sensory Alterations are also possible due to nerve manipulation during surgery. These changes are usually temporary, but in some cases, especially with lower jaw operations, permanent numbness can occur. Sensation typically improves within six months, but recovery may take up to a full recovery in some cases.


Pand and Discomfort are expected during the initial stages of recovery. Proper pain management strategies, as prescribed by the surgeon, can significantly alleviate these sensations. Techniques such as mandibular setback surgery can trigger these reactions due to adjustments in bone positions.


Ingesting a Properly is important during recovery. A pureed diet is recommended for the first few weeks to support healing and minimize discomfort. Most children can return to school within two weeks but should avoid strenuous exercise and contact sports for four to six weeks.


Nausea and Minor Bleeding are other potential side effects. Nausea usually subsides by the second day after surgery, while mild oozing of blood from the mouth or nose can occur due to the surgical approach.


In pediatric patients, complications such as surgical site infection and pneumonia are more common in younger children, especially under six years of age. It's important for surgeons and care team to discuss these risks and benefits with the child and their care team to ensure informed decision and management of the recovery process.


Overall, while corrective jaw surgery in children comes with potential complications, it is a relatively safe procedure when performed by experienced surgeons in well-fa
n appropriate medical center. Managing these side effects and complications requires a comprehensive approach to preoperative evaluation and postoperative care.

Myobrace offers a brace-free solution that corrects poor oral habits, guiding jaw and teeth alignment development in children, promoting natural growth and oral health.

Emotional support plays a vital role in the treatment process of corrective jaw surgery, significantly enhancing a patient's experience and recovery. Understanding the importance of emotional support can help manage expectations and navigate the challenges that come with this type of treatment.


Corrective jaw surgery, or orthognathic surgery, is a transformative procedure that can improve both the function and aesthetics of the jaw. However, it involves a complex recovery process that can be physically and emotional demanding. Research has shown that patients undergoing such surgery often experience emotional shifts, including increased tension, fatigue, and anger-hostility during the recovery phase[1]. These emotional challenges highlight the need for continued psychological support throughout the treatment.


Emotional support provides patients with a sense of belonging, connection, and validation, which are crucial for overall well-being and mental health[2]. It helps reduce stress, enhance coping mechanisms, and improve mental health outcomes. By having a supportive network, patients can better manage the emotional challenges that come with the surgery. For instance, active listening and empathy from family, friends, or healthcare professionals can create a safe space for expressing emotions without judgment[2]. This support can also help patients stay positive and focus on the improvements in their oral function and aesthetics that the surgery offers[5][3]. Managing expectations is also key; understanding that recovery involves both physical and emotional challenges can help patients prepare better for the journey ahead.


In the case of corrective jaw surgery, having a support team is essential. This includes not only family and friends but also healthcare professionals who can provide both physical care and emotional reassurance[3]. Effective communication with the surgery team is vital, as it helps patients feel more confident and capable of recovering well[3]. By documenting their recovery process, patients can also appreciate the progress they make, which can be a significant motivation during the challenging times[3]. Understanding the potential complications and side effects of the surgery can also help manage expectations and prepare patients for the recovery journey[5]. Emotional support, in this sense, is not just about providing comfort but also about fostering resilience and helping patients navigate through the recovery process with confidence and positive expectations.

**Comprehensive Orthodontic Solutions**

Corrective jaw surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery, is a transformative procedure that offers numerous long-term benefits for children, particularly in enhancing both oral function and aesthetics. This surgery is often necessary for children with conditions such as cleft lip and palate, where jaw misalignment can lead to significant functional and aesthetic challenges.


One of the most significant benefits of corrective jaw surgery is the improved oral function it brings. By repositioning the jaws, the surgery can correct issues like underbite or overbite, leading to enhanced chewing and speaking ability. This not only addresses discomfort and pain but also helps in improving speech clarity and overall quality of life. For children with cleft lip and palate, this can be life-changing, as it helps in achieving clearer communication and more confident self-persental.


Beyond functionality, corrective jaw surgery also has profound aesthetic benefits. It can enhance facial symmetry and balance, which is crucial for a child's self-esteem and confidence. By aligning the jaws properly, the surgery can improve the appearance of the face, making it more harmonious and aesthetically pleasing. This transformation can significantly boost a child's self-confidence, empowering them to embrace their unique beauty and confidently face the world.


The long-term outlook for children who undergo orthognathic surgery is very positive. The effects of the surgery are typically permanent, with the jawbones maintaining their alignment for the rest of the patient's life. However, achieving the best long-term outcomes requires cooperation with postoperative care instructions, including regular follow-up appointments and good oral hygiene. Additionally, the best results are often in patients who have finished growing, usually in the mid to late teens, as this ensures that the jaw alignment will remain stable over the years.


In the journey of corrective jaw treatment, it is essential to have realistic and informed expecttions. This involves a comprehensive process that includes pre-surgical orthodontics, the surgical procedure, and post-surgical orthodontic adjustments. The process can take several months to a year or more to complete, but the end result is well-orth the commitment. By addressing both functional and aesthetic concerns, corrective jaw surgery can have a profound impact on a child's quality of life, leading to improved oral health, enhanced self-confidence, and a more radiant smile.

The coordination between orthodontists and oral and maxillofacial specialists is a crucial component in the planning and post-surgical care of corrective jaw treatment. This harmonious working process ensures that patients undergo a well- structured and effective treatment plan, which is vital for achieving the desired outcomes in orthognathic surgery.


During the planning process, orthodontists play a key role in aligning the teeth before surgery, which is essential for ensuring that the jaw bones can be properly realigning during the operation. This pre-surgical orthodontic treatment helps to create an ideal alignment that will support the surgical adjustments, making the post-operative recovery more successful and less complex. The oral and maxillofacial specialists, on the other end, assess the overall facial anatomy and jaw function to determine the best surgical approach. They use detailed imaging studies and thorough evaluations to identify areas that need improvement and to create a precise surgical plan.


In post-surgical care, the coordination between these specialists is just as important. The oral and maxillofacial surgeon will provide detailed instructions on how to manage pain, maintain oral hygiene, and follow a soft diet to avoid putting pressure on the healing jaw. Orthodontists will monitor the healing process and make necessary adjustments to orthodontic appliances to ensure that the teeth remain properly aligning as the jaw heals. This comprehensive approach helps patients regain full jaw function and achieve the aesthetic results they are expectating.


Managing expectations is a critical part of this process. Patients must have realistic expectations about the outcomes of the surgery and the recovery process. This includes understanding that full recovery can take several months and that some swelling and discomfort are normal. By ensuring that patients are well-informed and have a clear understanding of what to expect, the team of specialists can help manage any potential disappointment and ensure a smooth transition to the post-operative period.


In conclusion, the coordination between orthodontists and oral and maxillofacial specialists is essential for successful corrective jaw treatment. It ensures that patients are well-prepared for surgery, understand the recovery process, and achieve the best outcomes in improving jaw function and facial appearance.

Crossbite
Unilateral posterior crossbite
Specialty Orthodontics

In dentistry, crossbite is a form of malocclusion where a tooth (or teeth) has a more buccal or lingual position (that is, the tooth is either closer to the cheek or to the tongue) than its corresponding antagonist tooth in the upper or lower dental arch. In other words, crossbite is a lateral misalignment of the dental arches.[1][2]

Anterior crossbite

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Class 1 with anterior crossbite

An anterior crossbite can be referred as negative overjet, and is typical of class III skeletal relations (prognathism).

Primary/mixed dentitions

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An anterior crossbite in a child with baby teeth or mixed dentition may happen due to either dental misalignment or skeletal misalignment. Dental causes may be due to displacement of one or two teeth, where skeletal causes involve either mandibular hyperplasia, maxillary hypoplasia or combination of both.

Dental crossbite

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An anterior crossbite due to dental component involves displacement of either maxillary central or lateral incisors lingual to their original erupting positions. This may happen due to delayed eruption of the primary teeth leading to permanent teeth moving lingual to their primary predecessors. This will lead to anterior crossbite where upon biting, upper teeth are behind the lower front teeth and may involve few or all frontal incisors. In this type of crossbite, the maxillary and mandibular proportions are normal to each other and to the cranial base. Another reason that may lead to a dental crossbite is crowding in the maxillary arch. Permanent teeth will tend to erupt lingual to the primary teeth in presence of crowding. Side-effects caused by dental crossbite can be increased recession on the buccal of lower incisors and higher chance of inflammation in the same area. Another term for an anterior crossbite due to dental interferences is Pseudo Class III Crossbite or Malocclusion.

Single tooth crossbite

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Single tooth crossbites can occur due to uneruption of a primary teeth in a timely manner which causes permanent tooth to erupt in a different eruption pattern which is lingual to the primary tooth.[3] Single tooth crossbites are often fixed by using a finger-spring based appliances.[4][5] This type of spring can be attached to a removable appliance which is used by patient every day to correct the tooth position.

Skeletal crossbite

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An anterior crossbite due to skeletal reasons will involve a deficient maxilla and a more hyperplastic or overgrown mandible. People with this type of crossbite will have dental compensation which involves proclined maxillary incisors and retroclined mandibular incisors. A proper diagnosis can be made by having a person bite into their centric relation will show mandibular incisors ahead of the maxillary incisors, which will show the skeletal discrepancy between the two jaws.[6]

Posterior crossbite

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Bjork defined posterior crossbite as a malocclusion where the buccal cusps of canine, premolar and molar of upper teeth occlude lingually to the buccal cusps of canine, premolar and molar of lower teeth.[7] Posterior crossbite is often correlated to a narrow maxilla and upper dental arch. A posterior crossbite can be unilateral, bilateral, single-tooth or entire segment crossbite. Posterior crossbite has been reported to occur between 7–23% of the population.[8][9] The most common type of posterior crossbite to occur is the unilateral crossbite which occurs in 80% to 97% of the posterior crossbite cases.[10][3] Posterior crossbites also occur most commonly in primary and mixed dentition. This type of crossbite usually presents with a functional shift of the mandible towards the side of the crossbite. Posterior crossbite can occur due to either skeletal, dental or functional abnormalities. One of the common reasons for development of posterior crossbite is the size difference between maxilla and mandible, where maxilla is smaller than mandible.[11] Posterior crossbite can result due to

  • Upper Airway Obstruction where people with "adenoid faces" who have trouble breathing through their nose. They have an open bite malocclusion and present with development of posterior crossbite.[12]
  • Prolong digit or suckling habits which can lead to constriction of maxilla posteriorly[13]
  • Prolong pacifier use (beyond age 4)[13]

Connections with TMD

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Unilateral posterior crossbite

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Unilateral crossbite involves one side of the arch. The most common cause of unilateral crossbite is a narrow maxillary dental arch. This can happen due to habits such as digit sucking, prolonged use of pacifier or upper airway obstruction. Due to the discrepancy between the maxillary and mandibular arch, neuromuscular guidance of the mandible causes mandible to shift towards the side of the crossbite.[14] This is also known as Functional mandibular shift. This shift can become structural if left untreated for a long time during growth, leading to skeletal asymmetries. Unilateral crossbites can present with following features in a child

  • Lower midline deviation[15] to the crossbite side
  • Class 2 Subdivision relationships
  • Temporomandibular disorders [16]

Treatment

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A child with posterior crossbite should be treated immediately if the child shifts their mandible on closing, which is often seen in a unilateral crossbite as mentioned above. The best age to treat a child with crossbite is in their mixed dentition when their palatal sutures have not fused to each other. Palatal expansion allows more space in an arch to relieve crowding and correct posterior crossbite. The correction can include any type of palatal expanders that will expand the palate which resolves the narrow constriction of the maxilla.[9] There are several therapies that can be used to correct a posterior crossbite: braces, 'Z' spring or cantilever spring, quad helix, removable plates, clear aligner therapy, or a Delaire mask. The correct therapy should be decided by the orthodontist depending on the type and severity of the crossbite.

One of the keys in diagnosing the anterior crossbite due to skeletal vs dental causes is diagnosing a CR-CO shift in a patient. An adolescent presenting with anterior crossbite may be positioning their mandible forward into centric occlusion (CO) due to the dental interferences. Thus finding their occlusion in centric relation (CR) is key in diagnosis. For anterior crossbite, if their CO matches their CR then the patient truly has a skeletal component to their crossbite. If the CR shows a less severe class 3 malocclusion or teeth not in anterior crossbite, this may mean that their anterior crossbite results due to dental interferences.[17]

Goal to treat unilateral crossbites should definitely include removal of occlusal interferences and elimination of the functional shift. Treating posterior crossbites early may help prevent the occurrence of Temporomandibular joint pathology.[18]

Unilateral crossbites can also be diagnosed and treated properly by using a Deprogramming splint. This splint has flat occlusal surface which causes the muscles to deprogram themselves and establish new sensory engrams. When the splint is removed, a proper centric relation bite can be diagnosed from the bite.[19]

Self-correction

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Literature states that very few crossbites tend to self-correct which often justify the treatment approach of correcting these bites as early as possible.[9] Only 0–9% of crossbites self-correct. Lindner et al. reported that 50% of crossbites were corrected in 76 four-year-old children.[20]

See also

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  • List of palatal expanders
  • Palatal expansion
  • Malocclusion

References

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  1. ^ "Elsevier: Proffit: Contemporary Orthodontics · Welcome". www.contemporaryorthodontics.com. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
  2. ^ Borzabadi-Farahani A, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Eslamipour F (October 2009). "Malocclusion and occlusal traits in an urban Iranian population. An epidemiological study of 11- to 14-year-old children". European Journal of Orthodontics. 31 (5): 477–84. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjp031. PMID 19477970.
  3. ^ a b Kutin, George; Hawes, Roland R. (1969-11-01). "Posterior cross-bites in the deciduous and mixed dentitions". American Journal of Orthodontics. 56 (5): 491–504. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(69)90210-3. PMID 5261162.
  4. ^ Zietsman, S. T.; Visagé, W.; Coetzee, W. J. (2000-11-01). "Palatal finger springs in removable orthodontic appliances--an in vitro study". South African Dental Journal. 55 (11): 621–627. ISSN 1029-4864. PMID 12608226.
  5. ^ Ulusoy, Ayca Tuba; Bodrumlu, Ebru Hazar (2013-01-01). "Management of anterior dental crossbite with removable appliances". Contemporary Clinical Dentistry. 4 (2): 223–226. doi:10.4103/0976-237X.114855. ISSN 0976-237X. PMC 3757887. PMID 24015014.
  6. ^ Al-Hummayani, Fadia M. (2017-03-05). "Pseudo Class III malocclusion". Saudi Medical Journal. 37 (4): 450–456. doi:10.15537/smj.2016.4.13685. ISSN 0379-5284. PMC 4852025. PMID 27052290.
  7. ^ Bjoerk, A.; Krebs, A.; Solow, B. (1964-02-01). "A Method for Epidemiological Registration of Malocculusion". Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 22: 27–41. doi:10.3109/00016356408993963. ISSN 0001-6357. PMID 14158468.
  8. ^ Moyers, Robert E. (1988-01-01). Handbook of orthodontics. Year Book Medical Publishers. ISBN 9780815160038.
  9. ^ a b c Thilander, Birgit; Lennartsson, Bertil (2002-09-01). "A study of children with unilateral posterior crossbite, treated and untreated, in the deciduous dentition--occlusal and skeletal characteristics of significance in predicting the long-term outcome". Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics. 63 (5): 371–383. doi:10.1007/s00056-002-0210-6. ISSN 1434-5293. PMID 12297966. S2CID 21857769.
  10. ^ Thilander, Birgit; Wahlund, Sonja; Lennartsson, Bertil (1984-01-01). "The effect of early interceptive treatment in children with posterior cross-bite". The European Journal of Orthodontics. 6 (1): 25–34. doi:10.1093/ejo/6.1.25. ISSN 0141-5387. PMID 6583062.
  11. ^ Allen, David; Rebellato, Joe; Sheats, Rose; Ceron, Ana M. (2003-10-01). "Skeletal and dental contributions to posterior crossbites". The Angle Orthodontist. 73 (5): 515–524. ISSN 0003-3219. PMID 14580018.
  12. ^ Bresolin, D.; Shapiro, P. A.; Shapiro, G. G.; Chapko, M. K.; Dassel, S. (1983-04-01). "Mouth breathing in allergic children: its relationship to dentofacial development". American Journal of Orthodontics. 83 (4): 334–340. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(83)90229-4. ISSN 0002-9416. PMID 6573147.
  13. ^ a b Ogaard, B.; Larsson, E.; Lindsten, R. (1994-08-01). "The effect of sucking habits, cohort, sex, intercanine arch widths, and breast or bottle feeding on posterior crossbite in Norwegian and Swedish 3-year-old children". American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 106 (2): 161–166. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70034-6. ISSN 0889-5406. PMID 8059752.
  14. ^ Piancino, Maria Grazia; Kyrkanides, Stephanos (2016-04-18). Understanding Masticatory Function in Unilateral Crossbites. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118971871.
  15. ^ Brin, Ilana; Ben-Bassat, Yocheved; Blustein, Yoel; Ehrlich, Jacob; Hochman, Nira; Marmary, Yitzhak; Yaffe, Avinoam (1996-02-01). "Skeletal and functional effects of treatment for unilateral posterior crossbite". American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 109 (2): 173–179. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(96)70178-6. PMID 8638566.
  16. ^ Pullinger, A. G.; Seligman, D. A.; Gornbein, J. A. (1993-06-01). "A multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk and relative odds of temporomandibular disorders as a function of common occlusal features". Journal of Dental Research. 72 (6): 968–979. doi:10.1177/00220345930720061301. ISSN 0022-0345. PMID 8496480. S2CID 25351006.
  17. ^ COSTEA, CARMEN MARIA; BADEA, MÎNDRA EUGENIA; VASILACHE, SORIN; MESAROÅž, MICHAELA (2016-01-01). "Effects of CO-CR discrepancy in daily orthodontic treatment planning". Clujul Medical. 89 (2): 279–286. doi:10.15386/cjmed-538. ISSN 1222-2119. PMC 4849388. PMID 27152081.
  18. ^ Kennedy, David B.; Osepchook, Matthew (2005-09-01). "Unilateral posterior crossbite with mandibular shift: a review". Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 71 (8): 569–573. ISSN 1488-2159. PMID 16202196.
  19. ^ Nielsen, H. J.; Bakke, M.; Blixencrone-Møller, T. (1991-12-01). "[Functional and orthodontic treatment of a patient with an open bite craniomandibular disorder]". Tandlaegebladet. 95 (18): 877–881. ISSN 0039-9353. PMID 1817382.
  20. ^ Lindner, A. (1989-10-01). "Longitudinal study on the effect of early interceptive treatment in 4-year-old children with unilateral cross-bite". Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research. 97 (5): 432–438. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01457.x. ISSN 0029-845X. PMID 2617141.
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Frequently Asked Questions

Early intervention can help reduce the severity of malocclusion, guide skeletal growth, and improve self-esteem. It may also reduce the complexity of future orthodontic treatment[4][5]. Early treatment can begin in primary dentition if there are functional issues or in early mixed dentition for crowding or skeletal problems[4]. This approach can eliminate or reduce developing malocclusions and reduce the need for future surgical interventions[4][5]. Early intervention can also correct severely protruded upper anterior teeth, which can reduce dental trauma[4]. By addressing these issues early, children can benefit from improved occlusal development and aesthetics, leading to enhanced chewing and speech function[5]. Early orthodontic treatment can also promote better dental alignment, which may reduce the risk of dental problems such as premature space loss, arch size discrepancies, and crossbite issues[4]. This early intervention often involves a comprehensive evaluation of craniofacial growth, occlusal development, and dental alignment to ensure optimal outcomes[4]. By addressing malocclusions early, children can experience improved facial aesthetics and enhanced self-confidence, which are crucial for their emotional and dental well being[4][5]. Early orthodontic treatment can be divided into phases, with the first phase aiming to intercept existing abnormalities and the second phase making detailed adjustments to the dentition[4]. This structured approach ensures that children benefit from improved dental function and aesthetics, setting them up for better oral and emotional well being as they age[4][5]. Early intervention is particularly beneficial when it includes a thorough diagnosis and a definitive treatment plan with clearly set goals, ensuring that the treatment is tailored to the childs specific needs and growth patterns[4]. By involving parents and children in the treatment planning process, dental practitioners can ensure that expectations are aligned with the potential outcomes of early orthodontic intervention[4]. This collaboration is essential for achieving successful treatment outcomes and ensuring that children and their parents are well-informed about the benefits and potential challenges of early orthodontic treatment[4]. By addressing jaw misalignment early, children can experience improved chewing, speech, and breathing, leading to better quality of life[5]. Early intervention also plays a critical role in managing craniofacial conditions such as cleft lip or palate, where jaw alignment is crucial for both functional and aesthetic outcomes[5]. In these cases, early orthodontic treatment can be part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes surgical interventions and ongoing orthodontic care[5]. By addressing these complex issues early, children can benefit from improved facial aesthetics and enhanced oral function, setting them up for better long-term outcomes[5]. Early orthodontic treatment can also reduce the risk of future complications such as temporomandibular disorders and facial asymmetries, which are often associated with jaw misalignment[1]. By correcting these issues early, children can experience improved oral function and aesthetics, leading to enhanced self-confidence and quality of life[1][4]. Early intervention can also help reduce the need for more extensive surgical interventions later in life, which can be more complex and have a more significant recovery period[1][5]. By addressing jaw misalignment through early orthodontic treatment, children can benefit from a more comprehensive and less complex treatment plan, which is tailored to their specific growth patterns and dental needs[4][5]. This approach ensures that children experience optimal outcomes in both oral function and aesthetics, setting them up for better long-term dental and emotional well being[4][5]. Early orthodontic intervention is particularly effective when it is part of a coordinated care plan that involves orthodontists, oral surgeons, and other specialists, ensuring that